Do I Need a Permit?
A quick reference guide to help you understand when home improvement projects require permits. When in doubt, always check with your local building department.
Important Disclaimer
Permit requirements vary significantly by location. This guide provides general information only. Always verify requirements with your local building department before starting any project.
Quick Reference by Project Type
Usually NO Permit Needed
Cosmetic and minor repairs that don't affect structure or systems
MAYBE - Check Local Requirements
Often requires permit depending on scope and local codes
Almost ALWAYS Needs Permit
Structural, electrical, plumbing, or significant changes
The Permit Process: What to Expect
Check Requirements
Contact your local building department or check their website. Describe your project in detail.
- Call during off-peak hours (Tuesday-Thursday)
- Have project details ready
- Ask about all required permits (building, electrical, plumbing, mechanical)
Gather Documents
Prepare required paperwork. Requirements vary but commonly include plans and specifications.
- Property survey or plot plan
- Detailed project drawings
- Material specifications
- Contractor license info (if applicable)
Submit Application
File your permit application and pay the required fees. Many jurisdictions now offer online submission.
- Fees typically range $50-$500+ depending on project
- Processing times vary from same-day to several weeks
- Keep copies of everything you submit
Inspections
Schedule inspections at required stages. Don't proceed past inspection points without approval.
- Rough-in inspection (before closing walls)
- Final inspection
- Keep permit posted and accessible
- Be present or have contractor present
Final Approval
Receive your Certificate of Completion or final sign-off. Keep this for your records permanently.
- Required for selling your home
- Proves work was done to code
- Needed for insurance claims
- Keep with important home documents
Why Permits Matter: Risks of Unpermitted Work
Skipping permits might seem like a way to save time and money, but the consequences can be far more costly.
Stop Work Orders
Inspector can halt your project until permits are obtained
Fines & Penalties
Can be 2-10x the original permit cost, plus daily penalties
Required Removal
May need to tear out completed work for inspection
Insurance Issues
Unpermitted work may not be covered by insurance claims
Sale Complications
Must disclose unpermitted work; buyers may demand remediation
Liens on Property
Unpaid fines can result in liens that affect property sale
How to Find Your Local Building Department
Search Online
- Search "[your city] building permits"
- Search "[your county] building department"
- Check your city/county government website
Information to Have Ready
- Your property address
- Detailed project description
- Scope (size, cost estimate)
- Whether you're DIY or hiring a contractor
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if I get caught doing work without a permit?
You may face stop-work orders, fines (often 2-10x the permit cost), and requirements to tear out completed work for inspection. Some jurisdictions also report violations to your insurance company. The best approach is to get permits before starting work - retroactive permits are more expensive and scrutinized more heavily.
Do I need a permit to replace my water heater?
In most jurisdictions, yes. Water heater replacement typically requires a plumbing permit and sometimes a gas permit if it's a gas unit. This ensures proper venting, gas connections, and safety measures are in place. Many areas require a licensed plumber for this work.
Can I do my own electrical work?
It depends on your jurisdiction. Many areas allow homeowners to do electrical work in their own home with a homeowner permit. However, you'll still need to pass inspections. Some work, like panel upgrades or new circuits, may require a licensed electrician. Always check local requirements first.
How do I find out what permits I need?
Contact your local building department directly - they can tell you exactly what's required for your specific project. You can usually call, email, or visit their office. Many also have online resources. Search for '[your city/county] building permits' to find contact information.
How much do permits cost?
Permit costs vary widely by location and project. Small projects might cost $50-200, while major renovations or additions can cost $500-2000+. Fees are often calculated based on project value or square footage. The cost of a permit is minimal compared to the cost of fines or having to redo work.
How long does it take to get a permit?
Simple permits (like water heater replacement) are often same-day or next-day. More complex projects requiring plan review can take 2-6 weeks or longer. During busy periods or for complicated projects, expect delays. Submit applications early and ask about typical processing times.
Will unpermitted work affect my home sale?
Yes, potentially significantly. Most states require disclosure of unpermitted work. Buyers may demand permits be obtained retroactively, request price reductions, or walk away. Appraisers may not include unpermitted space in square footage. Getting proper permits protects your investment.
What's the difference between a building permit and other permits?
Building permits cover structural work. Electrical permits cover wiring and panel work. Plumbing permits cover water and waste lines. Mechanical permits cover HVAC. Many projects require multiple permits. For example, a bathroom addition might need building, electrical, plumbing, and mechanical permits.